[158][159] Las Vegas is also the end point for the annual Baker to Vegas Challenge Cup Relay, a 120-mile-long foot race by law enforcement teams from around the world,[160] which is the largest law enforcement athletic event in the world. Some cultural differences may be based on linear traditions, on teaching from one generation or "school" to another. Houses generally faced the south. The Four Corners region has been hard-hit by the virus and has faced stricter timelines for its opening and subsequent economic recovery. [124] The Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) was reintroduced to Arizona and New Mexico in 1998. They led toward small outlier sites and natural features within and beyond the canyon limits. The Ancestral Puebloans are believed to have developed, at least in part, from the Oshara Tradition, who developed from the Picosa culture. The settlements of the mid-seventh century were most commonly single-household or paired-household hamlets. Over several decades, the Ancestral Puebloan culture spread across the landscape. It extends from the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado to south of Socorro and including the Manzano Mountains, with an east–west breadth in the north stretching from the upper Canadian River to the upper San Juan River. Pottery used for more formal purposes was often more richly adorned. [76][77], From July 24–27, 1861 a Confederate force under the command of Lt. [31], Not long after the Hohokam reached the height of their culture, all three major cultures in the Southwest began to decline, for unknown reasons, although severe drought and encroachment from other peoples has been postulated. The pictograph style with which they are associated is the called the Barrier Canyon Style. Scott G. Ortman, Winds from the North: Tewa Origins and Historical Anthropology (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2012). The city of Phoenix is the largest urban center, and located in the approximate center of the area that includes Tempe, Mesa, and many others. [60] In 1836, the Republic of Texas, which contained the easternmost of the Southwest United States, won its independence from Mexico. To investigate climatic, spatial, temporal, and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in the Four Corners region, we collected exposure site data for HPS cases that occurred in 1993 to 1995. [34] The area previously occupied by the Mogollon was taken over by an unrelated tribe, the Apache. [38] The Paiutes roamed an area which covered over 45,000 square miles of southern Nevada and California, south-central Utah, and northern Arizona. Aerial view of Pueblo Bonito, one of the most distinctive great houses in Chaco Canyon. The cultural diversity we see in the past is similar to modern Pueblo culture, which encompasses seven distinct languages and twenty-one pueblos, each under separate governance. [133][134] Many of these desert fish species are endangered due to their limited and tenuous habitat, as well as loss of habitat due to human consumption of groundwater and diversion of surface water, as well as introduction of species such as sportfish for recreation. Through satellite images and ground investigations, archaeologists have detected at least eight main roads that together run for more than 180 miles (300 km), and are more than 30 feet (10 m) wide. They all receive decent amounts of snow and large amounts of snow in the high elevations in the mountains, although some areas in far southwestern and southern New Mexico do not receive much snow at all at lower elevations. [citation needed]. For unknown ages, they were led by chiefs and guided by spirits as they completed vast migrations throughout the continent of North America. Cultural differences should therefore be understood as "clinal", "increasing gradually as the distance separating groups also increases".[39]. Terrain and resources within this large region vary greatly. By 1863, with the splitting off of the Arizona Territory, New Mexico reached its modern borders. [57], In 1851, San Luis became the first European settlement in what is now Colorado. “Chimney Rock National Monument, Colorado,” Chimney Rock Interpretive Association, 2010.