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Official measures are likely to be underestimations owing to a range of issues, including: Data on child homicides in this article have been extracted from the Home Office Homicide Index, which contains detailed record-level information about each homicide recorded by police in England and Wales. All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated, Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, Coronavirus (COVID-19): guidance and support, Transparency and freedom of information releases. Action Against Abduction estimates that between 10 and 20 per cent of kidnapping offences involve child victims. However, there are a number of sources of information that, when looked at together, can help build up a picture of the scale and nature of child physical abuse.

FGMPOs came into effect on 17 July 2015. Owing to the small sample size and low number of children reporting experiences of violent incidents, data from the three most recent survey years have been combined and averaged to provide more robust estimates. The Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) estimated that 7.6% of adults aged 18 to 74 years experienced physical abuse before the age of 16 years (3.1 million people); this includes perpetrators aged 16 years or over only. Callers to the NSPCC’s helpline can receive advice or, when there is a serious concern about a child, a referral may be made to the local authority for support. This is a free service where children and young people in the UK can talk to a counsellor about anything. See What do we know about perpetrators of child physical abuse? Some children that require medical attention for physical abuse may already have been identified by the police or local authority. We therefore do not know how many children are currently experiencing, or have experienced, physical abuse. There were 93 victims of homicide aged under 18 years in the year ending March 2018. To help us improve GOV.UK, we’d like to know more about your visit today. Equivalent data are not available for Wales. There may be overlap between these assessments. Children may be known and referred to children’s services following emergency intervention by the police or a court order. For the self-completion questionnaire, respondents are given a tablet computer on which to complete their answers. London: Action Against Abduction.³Police Service of Northern Ireland (2019) Trends in Police Recorded Crime in Northern Ireland Monthly update, period ending 31 March 2019. Similarly, data from the Home Office Homicide Index show just over half of child homicide victims in the year ending March 2018 were male (54% male compared with 46% female; Table 22).

See Section 3.1 of the user guide for more information. Around half of these (23) died from natural causes, not as a result of physical abuse. See Female genital mutilation for more information on FGM. There are more than 460,000 missing children each year. This indicates how many children are in recurring circumstances of abuse, but it could also indicate decisions to remove children from CPPs are sometimes premature. Cases handled by children’s services will also include children at risk of physical abuse. Of the counselling sessions provided for physical abuse in the year ending March 2019 (Table 52), where gender was known, 67% were delivered to females (3,770)4, and where age was known, age 12 to 15 years was the most common age group at 57% (3,230)5. Some of these may be one-off incidents and, as such, may not typically be perceived as abuse. Examples of “modifiable factors” include family environment, parenting capacity and service provision. This will include both one-off violent incidents and incidents as part of ongoing abuse. : March 2020, Child abuse in England and Wales – Data landscape, Child physical abuse in England and Wales, Violence Research Group, Cardiff University, adults’ self-reported experiences of physical abuse, child physical abuse recorded by the police, hospital admissions and emergency attendances, children who come to the attention of children’s services.
However, many more incidents go unreported to the police and some incidents that are reported may not be recorded. Care should be taken when drawing conclusions using this information. Physical abuse is the only type of child abuse where there is no difference in prevalence between men and women. Further information is available in Crime in England and Wales: year ending June 2019.